Paano Mag-apply Isang Patch Upang Isang File Paggamit ng Linux

by Juergen Haas

Ang gabay na ito ay nagbibigay ng pangunahing pangkalahatang ideya para sa pag-aaplay ng isang patch sa isang programa o file.

Ang utos na ginamit para sa pag-aaplay ng mga patches ay ang patch command ngunit upang mag-aplay ng patch ang diff command ay kailangan ding magamit upang matustusan ang mga pagkakaiba na kailangang patched.

Bakit Gusto Mo Gumawa ng Patch

Isipin mayroon kang isang HTML file tulad ng sumusunod:

MySite </ title> <br> </ head> <br> <body> <br> <h1> Maligayang Pagdating sa MySite </ h1> <br> </ body> <br> </ html> </p> <p> Ang pinagmulan sa itaas kapag na-load sa isang web browser ay ipapakita ang mga salitang "Maligayang pagdating sa MySite". </p> <p> Ito ay karaniwan kapag ang programming para doon ay maraming mga bersyon ng parehong file. Halimbawa ay magkakaroon ng isang bersyon na kasalukuyang live na bersyon, magkakaroon ng isa pang bersyon sa sangay ng pag-unlad na maaaring naglalaman ng maraming pagbabago, sa wakas ay maaaring may isa pang bersyon sa branch release. </p> <p> Ang release branch ay ang bersyon na ginagamit ng mga tunay na gumagamit (ibig sabihin sa mga kasong ito sa mga bisita sa MySite website). Sabihin nating ang MySite ay nasa bersyon 1.0. Pagkatapos ng isang yugto ng pag-unlad ay bubuo ka ng branch release na kung saan ay sa kasong ito 1.1. Ang sangay ng pag-unlad ay maaaring mauna sa branch ng release dahil maaaring maglaman ito ng mga pagbabago na hindi angkop para sa release sa bersyon 1,2 ngunit magiging para sa bersyon 1.1. </p> <p> Isipin na mayroong isang bug kung saan ang MySite ay dapat tawaging YourSite. Maaari kang pumunta sa bawat sangay naman at gumawa ng mga pagbabago sa live na bersyon, bersyon ng pag-unlad at release na bersyon ng maaari mong gawin ang pagbabago bilang isang mainit na pag-aayos sa live at pagkatapos ay ilapat ang patch sa pag-unlad at release sanga. </p> <h3> Isang Halimbawa ng Trabaho </h3><p> Lumikha ng isang file na tinatawag na myfile.html gamit ang sumusunod na code dito: </p> <p> <html> <br> <head> <br> <title> MySite </ title> <br> </ head> <br> <body> <br> <h1> Maligayang Pagdating sa MySite </ h1> <br> <p> Ito ay isang nagtrabaho na halimbawa ng patching source code. </ p> <br> </ body> <br> </ html> </p> <p> Lumikha ng isa pang file na tinatawag na myfile_v2.html na may sumusunod na code dito: </p> <p> <html> <br> <head> <br> <title> YourSite </ title> <br> </ head> <br> <body> <br> <h1> Maligayang Pagdating sa YourSite </ h1> <br> <p> Ito ay isang nagtrabaho na halimbawa ng patching source code. </ p> <br> </ body> <br> </ html> </p> <p> Ang unang file ay ang orihinal na web page na may heading na "Maligayang pagdating sa MySite". Ang pangalawang file ay kapareho ng unang file maliban sa MyFile ay pinalitan ng pangalan sa YourFile sa teksto. </p> <h3> Paano Upang Lumikha Ang Diff File </h3><p> Upang makalikha ng isang patch kailangan naming mag-ehersisyo ang mga pagkakaiba sa pagitan ng myfile.html at myfile_v2.html. </p> <p> Maaari naming gawin ito sa diff command tulad ng sumusunod: </p> <p> diff -u myfile.html myfile_v2.html> myfile.patch </p> <p> Maaari mong buksan ang file na myfile.patch sa <a href="https://tl.eyewated.com/gabay-sa-nagsisimula-upang-ang-nano-editor/">editor ng nano</a> bilang mga sumusunod upang tingnan ito: </p> <p> nano myfile.patch </p> <p> Ang mga linya na hindi nagbabago ay ipinapakita sa asul. Ang mga linya na inalis ay ipinapakita sa pula at mga linya na naidagdag ay ipinapakita sa berde. </p> <h3> Paano Ilapat ang Patch Gamit ang Patch Command </h3><p> Upang ilapat ang patch sa myfile.html gamitin ang sumusunod na command: </p> <p> patch <myfile.patch </p> <h3> Paano Upang Ibalik ang Patch </h3><p> Ilalapat nito ang mga pagbabagong ginawa gamit ang diff command sa orihinal na file myfile.html. </p> <p> Kung nais mong ibalik ang patch upang ang myfile.html ay bumalik sa paraan na orihinal itong ginagamit ang sumusunod na command: </p> <p> patch -R <myfile.patch </p> <h3> Buod </h3><p> Ang utos ng patch ay maaaring gamitin upang ilapat ang mga patch sa kabuuan ng istraktura ng buong direktoryo. </p> <p> May mga mas mahusay na mga tool kaysa sa patch command para sa paglikha ng mga patch at tiyakin ang magandang source control. </p> <p> May dahilan kung bakit ginagamit ng maraming proyekto sa pag-unlad ang GIT para sa kontrol ng pinagmulan. Ginagawang madali ng GIT na lumikha ng isang pare-parehong pagsalakay na diskarte. </p> <p> Ang patch command ay ok para sa pag-apply ng mga pagkakaiba sa isang script ng bash o isang bagay na simple ngunit maaari ka lamang madaling gumawa ng isang backup na kopya ng mga file na nais mong i-patch at kopyahin lamang ang mga bagong file sa parehong lugar. </p> <p> Para sa karagdagang impormasyon gamitin ang utos ng tao: </p> <p> tao patch </p> </div> <div class="amp-related-wrapper"> <h2>Alike posts</h2> <div class="amp-related-content"> <a href="https://tl.eyewated.com/sha1sum-linux-command-unix-command/"> <amp-img src="https://exse.eyewated.com/pict/5b738bcce04e39ff-120x86.jpg" width="120" height="86" layout="responsive" class="amp-related-image"></amp-img> </a> <div class="amp-related-text"> <h3><a href="https://tl.eyewated.com/sha1sum-linux-command-unix-command/">Sha1sum - Linux Command - Unix Command</a></h3> <div class="amp-related-meta"> Linux </div> </div> </div> <div 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